Bibliography

• ‘Askari, S.M. (1993), The Role of Holy Imams in the Revival of Religion, Vols. 1 & 2 (Tehran: Naba’ Organization)
• ‘Askari, S.M. (1996), Ma‘alim al-Madrisatayn (Tehran: al-Majma‘ al-‘Ilmii al-Islami, 6th Imprint)
• Abd al-Jabbar (1384 A.H), Al-Mughni fi al-Tawhïd wa al-‘Adl (Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyah)
• Abu Hatam, Ahmad b. Hamdan al-Radi, Al-Zinah fi al-kalimat al-Islamiyah al-Arabiyah (Egypt: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi)
• al-Ash‘ari, Ali ibn Isma‘il Abu al-Hasan, Maqalat al-Islamiyin wa Ikhtilaf al-Musallin (Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi)
• al-Fadli, ‘Abd al-Hadi (1992), Tarikh al-Tashri‘ al-Islami (Beirut: Dar al-Nasr)
• al-Fadli, ‘Abd al-Hadi (1997), The Imamiyah Sect: A Study of its Origins, Beliefs and Laws (Beirut: Al-Ghadeer), Trans. H. Atiyah
• al-Gharifi, ‘Abdullah (1417 A.H/1997), Al-Tashayyu‘: Nushu’uhu – Marahiluhu – Muqawwimatuhu (Damascus: S.A.Nuri, 6th Reprint with revisions and additions)
• Al-Hilli, ‘Allamah (1363 A.H), Anwar al-Malakut fi Sharh al-Yaqut (Qum: Radi and Bidar)
• Al-Hilli, ‘Allamah (1982), Nahj al-Haqq wa Kashf al-Sidq (Qum: Radi and Bidar)
• Al-Iji, Abd al-Rahman b. Ahmad (1997), Al-Mawaqif (Beirut: Dar al-Jil)
• Kashif al-Ghita’ (1993), The Origin of Shi‘ite Islam and its Principles (Qum: Ansariyan)
• al-Kulayni, Muhammad (1397 A.H), Usül al-Kafi (Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyah)
• al-Majlisi, Muhammad B. (1983), Bihar al-Anwar (Beirut: Al-Wafa)
• al-Mufid, Shaykh Muhammad b. M. b. Nu‘man (1413 A.H), Awa’il al-Maqalat (Qum: Kungereh-e Sheykh-e Mufid, 1413). In this edition the main text starts on page 33.
• al-Nawbakhti, al-Hasan ibn Musa (1405 A.H), Firaq al-Shi‘ah (Beirut)
• al-Qazwini, Sayed Mustafa (2000), Inquiries about Shi‘a Islam (California: The Islamic Educational Centre of Orange County)
• al-Sadr, S.M. (1997), Nash’at al-Tashayu‘ wa al-Shi‘ah (Beirut: Al-Ghadeer, 2nd Imprint)
• Al-Saduq, Muhammad b. Ali.b. Husayn b. Babawayh (1980), Al-Amālí (Beirut: Mu’assisat al-A‘lam3)
• Al-Saduq, Muhammad b. Ali.b. Husayn b. Babawayh, Al-Taw13d (Qum: Jamā‘at al-Mudarris3n)
• al-Safi, Lutfullah, Muntakhab al-Athar (Tehran: Maktabah al-Sadr)
• al-Shahrestani, Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Karim (1404 A.H), Al-Milal wa al-Nihal (Beirut: Dar al-Ma‘rifah)
• al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din ‘Abd al-Rahman (1993), Al-Durr al-Manthur (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr)
• al-Tusi, Khajeh Nasir al-Din, Talkhis al-Muhassal, “The Treatise on al-‘Ismah”
• al-Wa’ili, Ahmad (1983), Huwiyah al-Tashayu‘ (Qum: Dar al-Kitab al-Islami, 2nd edition)
• al-Wardani, Salih (1999), Aqa’id al-Sunnah wa ‘Aqa’id al-Shi‘ah: al-Taqarub wa al-Taba‘ud (Beirut: Al-Ghadeer)
• Chittick, W. C. (ed. and trans.) (1981), A Shi‘ite Anthology (Albany, New York: Sunny Press), Selected by S.M.H. Tabataba’i and Introduced by S.H. Nasr
• Ezzati, A. (1976), Shi‘i Islamic Law and Jurisprudence (Lahore: Ashraf Press)
• Fakhry, M. (1991) Ethical Theories in Islam Leiden: Tuta Sub Aegide Pallas
• Ghaffari, S. (1976), Shi‘aism or Original Islam (Tehran: Published by the author, Third edition. First edition was published in 1967)
• Gilsenan, Michael (2000), Recognizing Islam: Religion and Society in the Modern Middle East (London & New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd. Revised edition. First published in 1982 by Croon Helm. Reprinted in 1990 & 1993 by I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd).
• Haleem, M.A. (1997) “Early Kalam” in History of Islamic Philosophy, Vol. 1, edited by Sayyed Hussein Nasr and Oliver Leaman, (London: Routledge)
• Ibn ‘Asakir , Tarikh Ibn ‘Asakir, Tarjimah Ali (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr)
• Ibn al-Athir (1421 A.H), Al-Nihayah fi Gharib al-Hadith wa al-Athar (Al-Dammam: Dar Ibn al-Jawzi)
• Ibn al-Athir, Muhammad (1415 A.H/1995), Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah)
• Ibn Hajar, Ahmad Haythami, Al-Sawa'iq al-Muhriqah fi al-Radd ‘ala Ahl al-Bid‘ah (Beirut)
• Ibn Hajar, al-‘Asqalani, Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-Sahabah (Beirut)
• Ibn Kathir, Isma‘il (412 A.H/1992), Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah (Beirut: Makatabah al-Ta‘aruf)
• Ibn Khaldun, An Introduction to History (al-Muqaddamah), by Ibn Khaldoon, English version, London, 1967 Edition.
• Ja‘fariyan, R. (1985), Ukdhubat Tahrif al-Qur’an bayn al-Shi‘ah wa al-Sunnah (Tehran: Islamic Propagation Organization).
• Lalani, Arzinia R. (2000), Early Shi‘i Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (London: I.B. Tauris in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies)
• Madelung, Wilfred (2001), The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. First published 1997 and reprinted 1997 & 2001).
• Mughniyah, M.J. (1993), Al-Shi‘ah fi al-Mizan (Qum:Al-Sharif al-Radi)
• Muslim, ibn al-Hajjaj al-Qushayri (1375/1956), Sahih Muslim (Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-Islami under supervision of Muhammad Fu’ad al-Baqi)
• Muzaffar, M.R. (1993), The Faith of Shi‘a Islam (Qum: Ansariyan Publications).
• Nasr, S.H. (1989), Expectations of the Millennium: Shi‘ism in History (New York: State University of New York Press)
• Pavlin, J. (1997) “Sunni Kalam and Theological Controversies” in History of Islamic Philosophy Part 1, edited by Seyyed Hussein Nasr and Oliver Leaman, London: Routledge
• Richard, Yann (1991, English translation first published 1995), Shi‘ite Islam (Oxford, UK & Cambridge, USA: Blackwell Publishers)
• Subhani, Ja‘far (2001), Doctrines of Shi‘i Islam: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices (London: I.B.Tauris), trans. Reza. Shah-Kazemi
• Subhani, Ja‘far, Al-Milal wa al-Nihal, Vol. 6 (Qum: Imam Sadiq Inst.)
• Tabari, Muhammad (1407 A.H), Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah)
• Tabataba’i, S. M. H. (1975), Shi‘ite Islam (Albany, New York: Sunny Press), trans. Sayyid H. Nasr.
• Westerland, David & Svanberg, Ingvar (1999), Islam Outside the Arab World (Richmond: Curzon Press)

Note:

References to hadiths from Sahih of Bukhari, Sahih of Muslim, Sunan of al-Nisa’i, Sunan of Abu Dawud, Sunan of Ibn Majah, Sunan of al-Tirmidhi, Sunan of al-Darimi and Musnad of Ahmad b. Hanbal are according to Sakhr serial number followed in Mawsú‘ah al-Hadith al-Sharif (Version 1.1, 1991-1996).